改造設(shè)計(jì)? gmp

1958年設(shè)計(jì)? 赫爾穆特·博恩薩克

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn) 德國不來梅港

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間 自2023年起

本文文字由gmp提供。

拆除不來梅港哥倫布火車站本來已是板上釘釘?shù)氖隆I(yè)主最初只要求對規(guī)劃新建筑的可持續(xù)發(fā)展性進(jìn)行審核。然而在招標(biāo)程序中提出的一個(gè)截然不同的方案更令他們信服：基本保留原有建筑、對之進(jìn)行翻新和改造、甚至擴(kuò)建，增加新的功能。如今，歷史建筑不僅得到了保護(hù)，在十年之內(nèi)，多樣化功能設(shè)施將逐漸遷入，注入活力。堅(jiān)固的鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)被證明是非常好的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，功能轉(zhuǎn)變從而變得輕而易舉。

The demolition of the Columbus Terminal in Bremerhaven was already a done deal. The client only wanted to review the sustainability aspects of its planned replacement building one more time. But in the process, the proposal engendered a radically different approach, which was to largely preserve, refurbish, convert, and even extend the existing construction to provide for additional uses. The historic building will now be preserved. Within ten years, a lively mix of functions will gradually move in. The rugged reinforced concrete skeleton construction is proving to be an excellent basic structure for repurposing.

1958年—2021年

1927年，隨著北部港區(qū)長達(dá)一公里的哥倫布碼頭的啟用，不來梅港鞏固了其在德國與美國之間跨大西洋貿(mào)易中的地位。哥倫布火車站是“美國線”的終點(diǎn)站，在這里可以直接由火車轉(zhuǎn)乘蒸汽船前往新大陸。自1827年建港以來，估計(jì)有七百萬人離開不來梅港前往新世界。

With the opening of the one-kilometer-long Columbus Quay in the northern port area in 1927, Bremerhaven secured its role in transatlantic shipping between Germany and America. As the last stop on the “America Line,” the Columbus Terminal made it possible to transfer directly from the train to a steamship headed for the New World. Since its opening in 1827, the port has served as the starting point for an estimated seven million people on their journey from Bremerhaven to the New World.

哥倫布碼頭不僅是不來梅港通往世界的門戶，而且還作為世界各地名流抵達(dá)地成了媒體聚焦點(diǎn)：1958年，貓王在不來梅港登陸，在德國服其美國兵役；1978 年，伊麗莎白女王來到德國。女王和貓王在渡海航行后均由哥倫布碼頭踏上了德國土地。由于第一個(gè)客運(yùn)站在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的威悉蒙德大轟炸中被毀，1952年至1958年期間新建了一個(gè)更大的客運(yùn)站，即哥倫布第二火車站。這座客運(yùn)站的最初規(guī)劃遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模，是因?yàn)?945年后不來梅港的客運(yùn)量緩慢回升，而新建筑的設(shè)計(jì)是為了滿足進(jìn)一步增長的需求。

The Columbus Quay was not only Bremerhaven’s gateway to the world, but it also served as a media showplace welcoming the arrival of VIPs from around the globe. Elvis Presley disembarked in Bremerhaven in 1958 to do his military service in Germany and Queen Elizabeth visited Germany in 1978. Both the “King” and the Queen first set foot on German soil at the Columbus Quay. Because the first terminal was destroyed in the heavy bombardment of Wesermünde in the Second World War, a new and much larger terminal was built between 1952 and 1958, the Columbus Terminal II. The original plans for this terminal were on a much larger scale than what remains today because the number of passengers in Bremerhaven had gradually increased after 1945.

然而，航空交通的快速增長導(dǎo)致發(fā)展趨勢突然轉(zhuǎn)變。因此，不來梅港的大型規(guī)劃一直未能完成：原規(guī)劃的南側(cè)建筑從未建成，中央建筑旁的14層塔樓最后只留下一個(gè)5層高的爛尾。前往哥倫布碼頭的火車于1993年停運(yùn)。碼頭雖仍用于郵輪的停靠，但已基本空置。不來梅港的“世界門戶”呈現(xiàn)衰敗景象。2021年，港口管理公司 bremenports 提交拆除申請，并獲得不來梅議會的批準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)規(guī)劃，中央建筑和爛尾高層應(yīng)予以拆除，代之以設(shè)有入口大廳、停車場和辦公空間的新建筑。

The new construction was designed for further growth, although the rapid increase in air travel caused a sudden downturn. As a result, the grand plans in Bremerhaven were never completed. The projected south wing was never built, and the 14-story high-rise next to the central building remained a five-story stump. In 1993, rail traffic to the Columbus Quay was discontinued. The terminal still served as a landing for cruise ships but was generally empty. Bremerhaven’s “gateway to the world” fell into decline. In 2021, the port management company, bremenports, filed an application for demolition that was approved by Bremen’s citizenry. The central building and the stunted high-rise were to be demolished to make way for a replacement building, a new lobby, parking levels, and office spaces.

自2022年起

與此同時(shí)，人們提出了初步質(zhì)疑，有人發(fā)起了保護(hù)哥倫布車站的行動(dòng)：自發(fā)公民組織征集簽名，一個(gè)獨(dú)立劇團(tuán)在空置的中央大樓里演出實(shí)驗(yàn)話劇，反映移民歷史主題。這些舉動(dòng)讓這座建筑重新回到了城市民眾的視野。人們認(rèn)為原建筑是近代歷史的一個(gè)見證，是一個(gè)不尋常之地，不應(yīng)輕易拆除。觀念轉(zhuǎn)變由此開始。

At the same time, people began to have doubts and to campaign for the preservation of the Columbus Terminal. A citizens’ initiative gathered signatures and an independent theater group performed experimental plays in the empty central building that portrayed emigration experiences. The building was once again a focus of the urban community’s attention. It was perceived as a witness to the past, as a very special location whose demolition should not be taken lightly. People started to rethink the situation.

2022年，不來梅港管理公司按《公共項(xiàng)目招標(biāo)法》（VgV）實(shí)施了招標(biāo)程序，該程序本應(yīng)旨在對新建筑設(shè)計(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。而作為該招標(biāo)程序的參與者，我們則提出了對原有建筑進(jìn)行徹底保護(hù)、翻新、改造以及擴(kuò)建和補(bǔ)建的建議。

In 2022, bremenports initiated a negotiation process that was intended only to optimize the design of the new construction with regard to all its sustainability aspects. As a participant in this process, we recommended a radical preservation of the existing structures, that they be refurbished and converted, and that they be complemented with additions and extensions.

哥倫布站的核心部分是鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，工程物理上較為復(fù)雜，這是那個(gè)時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物。而另一方面，其堅(jiān)固的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為改建和模塊化擴(kuò)建提供了良好的條件，猶如模塊系統(tǒng)一樣可一步步延伸和實(shí)施。原有地基也為設(shè)計(jì)提供了理想的條件：該地基在上世紀(jì)50年代設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)就已經(jīng)考慮到了那個(gè)始終未完全建成的高層建筑的荷載要求。本應(yīng)至少為14層的建筑迄今只建了5層。因此，原有建筑的擴(kuò)建不再需要額外的基礎(chǔ)，這將大大降低經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)成本。

As a child of its times, the Columbus Quay is essentially a reinforced concrete skeleton construction with many problematic structural qualities. At the same time, its rugged basic structure offers excellent conditions for a conversion as well as modular extensions that can be gradually developed and implemented as in a modular system. The existing foundations provided the ideal conditions for the design. They were originally designed in the 1950s to support the never-completed highrise. Only five of the minimum 14 possible stories were implemented. This meant that no additional foundations were required for expanding the existing construction, resulting in a substantial reduction in economic and ecological expenditures.

根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)，原有空間的“過剩”部分，尤其是大型客運(yùn)大廳的空間，將逐步改造為多樣化混合功能區(qū)。除郵輪碼頭外，方案還規(guī)劃了酒店、海運(yùn)業(yè)辦公設(shè)施、會議室、餐廳和各種用于劇目演出和其他活動(dòng)的公共場所。而建設(shè)最初規(guī)劃的高層建筑也將為港口和市中心之間的地標(biāo)性連接創(chuàng)造條件。

The goal of the design is to gradually convert the existing “excess” space, particularly in the large passenger terminals, in order to accommodate a lively mix of uses. The cruise terminal will be supplemented by a hotel, offices for maritime industries, conference rooms, restaurants, and various spaces that can be used for theater performances and other events. Construction of the high-rise that was originally planned also opens up the possibility of creating a prominent urban connection between the port and the city center.

業(yè)主最初對我方的設(shè)計(jì)方案感到驚訝，不過他們最終還是信任了我們。該設(shè)計(jì)喚起了一幅美好的心理圖景——或許正如同發(fā)現(xiàn)“哥倫布蛋”一般：一種能夠調(diào)和運(yùn)營商、港口及城市經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與市民社會、古跡保護(hù)、歷史學(xué)家及環(huán)保訴求的改造方案。該項(xiàng)目于2023年9月向公眾展示。實(shí)地勘測于2024年完成，然后在此基礎(chǔ)上確定若干工期的實(shí)施方案。哥倫布第二火車站將自此重獲新生。

The client was initially surprised by our proposal but was willing to be convinced. The design evoked a beautiful mental image — perhaps the discovery of the Egg of Columbus: a conversion that is able to reconcile the economic interests of the operator, the port, and the city with the wishes of civil society, monument preservation, historians, and environmental protection. The project was already presented to the public in September 2023. Precise stocktaking will be completed in 2024 and will then serve as the basis for establishing the multi-construction-phase implementation. The Columbus Quay II has been rescued.

項(xiàng)目信息

哥倫布郵輪碼頭

德國不來梅港

自2023年起

業(yè)主：不來梅港

1958年設(shè)計(jì)：赫爾穆特·博恩薩克

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