改造設計? gmp

1969年設計? 烏爾里?！つ绿?/p>

項目地點? 德國

完成時間? 2024年

本文文字由gmp提供。

兩項干預措施讓烏爾里希·穆特在馬格德堡的雙曲面殼體屋頂建筑遺址免遭拆除，并再次煥發出面向未來的活力。最新的碳纖維混凝土技術恢復并提高了這個充滿想象力的殼體屋頂的荷載能力。巨大的室內空間被劃分為更靈活的小空間，同時保留了令人印象深刻的大跨度屋頂所帶來的壯觀效果。

It took two interventions to save the ruins of Ulrich Müther’s Hyparschale in Magdeburg from demolition and restore it to a future-ready state. The load-bearing capacity of the visionary roof shell was reestablished and even improved thanks to state-of-the-art carbon concrete technology. The large interior was subdivided into smaller rooms for more flexible programming, without diminishing the imposing impression made by the broad roof above.

▲ 項目視頻? ?Lukas Schmid

1969年—2017年

馬格德堡雙曲面殼體屋頂建筑是民主德國極富創造力的建筑工程師烏爾里希·穆特（Ulrich Müther，1934年—2007年）保存至今的規模最大的作品。他的標志性設計是雙曲屋面，即雙曲拋物面，通過曲面自行承重，以極少的建筑材料跨越寬闊的無柱空間。穆特將其稱為“Hyparschale”。

The “Hyparschale” in Magdeburg is the largest remaining hall roof by the man who was arguably East Germany’s most inventive structural engineer, Ulrich Müther (1934 – 2007). His trademark was the double-curved roof surfaces, or “hyperbolic paraboloids” supported by their own curvature, which allowed the roof to span extremely wide spaces without columns and using very little material — for which Müther chose the term “hyparschale.”

穆特在馬格德堡雙曲面殼體屋頂建筑中挑戰了當時的技術極限。他不僅想用一個雙曲拋物面殼體覆蓋48米見方的平面面積，還要將屋頂分成大小相同的四塊，每塊屋頂都是正方形平面的雙曲拋物面。屋頂單元之間的空隙由玻璃磚補充，在大廳中心匯成一個星形的天窗。

For his Magdeburg Hyparschale, Müther pushed the technological possibilities of his day to their limits. He not only wanted to span a 48-square-meter area with a doublecurved roof slab without supports, but he also wanted to subdivide the roof surface into four equal subparts, each suspended over a square floor plan and each of which was double-curved into itself. Between these roofs, he installed fenestration bands that came together at the center of the hall to form a star-shaped rskylight.

就當時的建筑技術而言，屋頂上星形天窗的構想過于大膽。盡管屋頂承重不是問題，但玻璃磚帶來了大廳內的滲水問題。開放后不久，天窗用瀝青紙材料全部封閉。穆特在設計中追求的那種通透、輕盈及纖薄的大廳屋頂效果消失殆盡。隨著時間的推移，薄殼混凝土屋頂出現了多處裂痕，加固鋼筋也開始生銹。1997年，由于嚴重的坍塌隱患，建筑被封閉并計劃拆除，但民眾和國際專家們的抗議讓人們意識到了這一獨特結構的建筑文化價值，并最終拯救了這座殼體結構。在未能找到私人投資者的情況下，馬格德堡市于2017年決定自行對建筑進行修復工作。

The idea of a star-shaped skylight was considered too daring for the structural possibilities of the time. Although the roof held up, water seeped between the bands of glass components and dripped into the hall. Shortly after it was opened, the skylights were completely sealed with tar paper, putting an end to Müther’s intended effect of a transparent, lightweight, and elegant hall roof. Over the years, the thin concrete roof also broke off in a number of places and the reinforcing steel rusted. Faced with an imminent threat of collapse, the Hyparschale was closed in 1997 and slated for demolition. Protests were held by citizens and international experts who cited the architectural value of this unique structure and ultimately succeeded in saving the shell. After failing to find private investors, the City of Magdeburg itself decided to refurbish the Hyparschale in 2017.

2017年—2024年

我們與Prof. Rühle, Jentzsch及合伙人事務所的工程師、德累斯頓Carbocon公司的碳纖維混凝土專家，以及德累斯頓工業大學重型結構研究所合作，提出了用碳纖維混凝土來修復屋頂的新型修繕改造方案。首先將現有屋頂內、外表面都打磨粗糙，以便涂上兩層薄的特質混凝土層，特質混凝土層內鋪設了由碳纖材料編制成的網格。這樣，殼體內、外各加建了最厚為10毫米的具有抗腐蝕性的加固層。這種方法在不改變屋頂規模的情況下，甚至增加了結構的承重能力。建筑天窗也終于重見天日。

Together with the engineering firm of Prof. Rühle, Jentzsch und Partner, the Dresden-based carbon concrete specialists from Carbocon, and the Institute of Concrete Structures at Technical University Dresden, we developed a proposal for using a new refurbishment process to save the Hyparschale that involved repairing the roof with carbon concrete. The existing roof was roughened inside and out so that two thin layers of special concrete can be applied, in which carbon fiber textiles are placed. The result was a corrosionresistant layer with a total thickness of maximum 10 mm on both sides of the roof panels that also served to increase the structure’s load-bearing capacity without changing the dimensions of the wide-span and therefore extremely thin skin of the roof. As a consequence, the fenestration bands provided by Müther could be permanently uncovered.

在建筑內部，大型空間按照城市的要求被靈活分割成較小的單元。我們采用了穆特正方形平面的基本體系，在大廳的四個角落分別布置了邊長14.8米、高5.68米的正方平面的空間單元。這些單元在空間中獨立存在，與天花板不相接，這使穆特設計的建筑結構的大弧度曲線仍然清晰可見。每個空間單元均設獨立的入口和出口，與外立面相連，最大程度地提升了其使用靈活性。內部則通過幕布、移動墻等元素互相組合，也可以與它們之間的通道區域組合在一起。中間區域在頂部保持開放，就像上面的天窗一樣，在大廳中部聚合成305平方米的中央空間。從這里到大廳天花板和天窗的視線一覽無遺。此外，四個空間單元的屋頂是可通行的，并通過通道連接在一起，形成一個夾層回廊。站在回廊上，烏爾里?！つ绿氐拇蠡《任蓓數暮陚プ藨B依然可見，人們甚至可以無限接近屋頂。

The city wanted a flexible division of the large interior space into smaller units. We replicated Müther’s basic squarebased system and positioned four square room boxes — each with an edge length of 14.8 meters and a height of 5.68 meters — in each of the four corners of the hall. These boxes are free-standing and are not connected to the ceiling, thus leaving the broad sweep of Müther’s construction visible. Each of these four rooms has a separate entrance and exit in the exterior facades in order to maximize flexibility for their users. Indoors, the rooms can be combined with one another and with the broad access corridors between them by means of curtains and sliding walls. These intermediate zones remain open to the roof, thus leaving an unobstructed view of the hall ceiling. Like the fenestration bands, they come together in the center of the hall to form a 305-square-meter central room. It’s always possible to look up at the ceiling and the star-shaped skylight from the hall. The roofs of the four room boxes can also be traversed and are interconnected via bridges, thus creating a cohesive gallery level from which the massive gesture of Ulrich Müther’s curved roof not only remains visible, but visitors can also get closer to the roof than ever before.

最終，通過采用最新的建筑技術手段，修繕改造設計在忠于穆特1969年原作的基礎上進行持續優化，滿足了當今馬格德堡城市的需求。同時，由于外立面也進行了優化，半透明的工業玻璃被透明玻璃幕墻所取代，建筑比以前更加明亮。現在，穆特設計的大廳四面透光，視野開闊，成為公園中一座璀璨奪目并且極具吸引力的單體建筑。我們的建筑改造并不是對原建筑的復原，而是優化，是根據原創者烏爾里?！つ绿氐睦砟钸M行的升級。

Ultimately, use of the latest architectural processes made it possible to take Müther’s design from 1969 and optimize it in a way that was true to the original and durable, while also rendering it conveniently suitable for the current requirements of the City of Magdeburg. At the same time, the building is more transparent than ever because the exterior facades were also optimized, replacing the translucent industrial glass with a transparent glass facade. As a result, Müther’s hall is now light-permeable and offers views in all directions, making it a free-standing, brilliantly radiant, and inviting object in the park. Our conversion isn’t just a reconstruction of the original hall. It’s an improved version — an update in line with its inventor, Ulrich Müther.

設計圖紙 ▽

項目信息

馬格德堡雙曲面殼體屋頂建筑

德國

2024年

業主：州府馬格德堡市

1969年設計：烏爾里希·穆特

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